Methods of Personality Research  Clinical vs. Experimental

The development of personality has long been an area of extreme interest to psychologists and psychoanalysts alike and many different theories of personality have developed over the years. From Sigmund Freud to B.F. Skinner, everyone seems to have not only an opinion of what personality is and how it develops but also an idea as to what is the best way to measure and report their findings. In order to test their theories, it was necessary to formulate methods of research that were effective, ethical and would provide a solid foundation for future personality research.brbrAlthough both the clinical and experimental methods of personality research have lent themselves to our present day understanding of the human psyche and personality,†¦show more content†¦Their reason for claiming this is due to their belief that each individual person is unique. They believe that personality is the sum of ones life experience. Therefore, to genuinely understand personality, one must first u nderstand the person, their experiences, values, and beliefs. In order to do so, the patient must be observed in as natural a situation as possible. That is not to say that a clinical setting is a natural environment, but that the patient will be able to act more naturally, speak more openly and behave more freely than if subjected to deliberate manipulation of variables on the part of the researcher.brbrbExperimental Research Method/bbrThe name Pavlov is synonymous with the experimental method. Pavlovs experiments with animals using the conditioned response and unconditioned stimuli system became a cornerstone for laboratory research on animals and humans alike. The experimental method, because of its adherence to strict protocol, is often thought to be the best way with which to gather and measure research data.brbrExperimental research employs the belief that the scientific method of research is the sole source of true knowledge, because of its highShow MoreRelatedScope of Experi mental Psychology2276 Words   |  10 Pagesrelated to a field. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Experimental psychology is the most important branch of psychology. The credit for establishing psychology on a scientific basis goes to experimental method. This method is now being used more and more in psychological studies. SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: The scope of Experimental Psychology is widening with the invention of new tools and instruments for experiments. Therefore, it is in the fitness of things that experimental psychology constitutesRead MoreWhy Is Psychology Useful?1541 Words   |  7 PagesParkinsons). 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Coffey, University of Mississippi. Researc hers conducted a research about how PTSD-SUD diagnosis affect on residential SUD treatment completion(Tull, 2012;Gratz, 2012;Coffey,2012 p.763). 　　Aside from the researches leaded by professors at University ofRead MorePersonality Differences Between People s Experiences Of Social Inclusiveness And Feelings Of Belonging Essay2385 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Through the years, personality has been used to discuss many parts of the human psyche, however the relation it has towards our outside experiences is not always clear. Our research aims to answer the question of whether personality moderates the relationship between people’s experiences of social inclusiveness and feelings of belonging. 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Both psychological and behavioural responses to interpersonal rejection posit theories based on the various paradigms used to stimulate ostracism in experimental settings resulting in s the creation of models by the likes of Williams (2007) and Leary (2009). It is vitally important to recognise just how important the element of feeling accepted is to human survival in order to understand why rejectionRead More Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa Essay2854 Words   |  12 Pagesare of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of those interests has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for their respective disorder. Because both disorders are relatively new to the scientific and clinical world, there is much debate over how to treat, define, and possibly distinguish this phenomenon between the two disorders. For the purpose of this review, I intended to examine the evidence for the best outcomes, both immediate and long term, forRead MoreState Anxiety And Anxiety Disorders3266 Words   |  14 PagesEvaluation. Since the 1980’s there has been a major increase in research on anxiety. Ever since, special clinics have been introduced in order to help deal with anxiety disorders. It is suggested that the growth in research is due to anxiety being regarded as one of the most prominent and pervasive emotions, causing distress and negatively affecting large numbers of people. As stated by Rachman (2004), anxiety is described as the experience of unpleasant feelings and the unsettling anticipation of

Martin Luther King Assassination Essay - 3823 Words

Martin Luther King Assassination (word count for research paper includes 1,400 word outline) It was a glorious April 4th evening as Martin Luther King and hundreds of followers were gathering for a civil rights march. Many cheered on as the civil rights leader graciously out step on the second floor balcony of the Motel Lorraine. Roaring cheers rose from the crowd rose up as Martin Luther King stand there waving his arm with his heart warming smile waiting for the uprising taper off so he can continue with his speech. When suddenly a piercing blast broke the noise and the crowd’s cheerful spirit died. A cold chill went through all who were present fore in the back of their minds there was no doubt that their King had just been†¦show more content†¦(Lindop83) This got authorities very annoyed at King because they did not want change and King protest did it constitutionally legal. As a result police started arresting King for trivial reasons such as doing 30mph in a 25 zone, sitting in white places, civil rights marches, boycotting the busses etceteras. In all he went to jail over 30 times. (Lindop 82) It didn’t stop there the FBI or at least the head of the FBI, Jay Edgar Hoover, even hated King. â€Å"Nobody hated Martin Luther King more than J. Edgar Hoover† (Clarke 255) â€Å"King was well aware that the FBI was, as he put it, ‘out to break me.’† (Melanson 134) That was obvious being that the FBI used many man-hours in harassing King. King life was threatened by the FBI about 50 times and harassed enough to literally have entire books on the subject. A primary example of this is when the FBI dubbed a phony tape of King with another women and used to blackmail King into committing suicide. In January of 1968, three months before the assassination, an internal memo was distributed by Hoover calling for, â€Å"the Removal of King from the national scene.† After all the harassment King endured he still refused to retaliate in any illegal acts which continued to infuriate authorities. Conspicuously, the aliases JamesShow MoreRelatedThe Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination655 Words   |  3 PagesIt was the day after Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination, April 5th, 1968, when third grade teacher, Jane Elliott conducted her first â€Å"Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes† exercise in her classroom. Just two years later, her class project went viral, and she drew national attention when ABC broadcasted her story in a documentary, Eye of the Storm. After researching Elliott further, I discovered that her simple role playing exercise surely changed her life, and this publication kick charged her equality campaignRead More Racial Controversy Surrounding the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.3071 Words   |  13 Pages The Racial Controversy Surrounding the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. The impact of Martin Luther King, Jr. today is no doubt revered. He is commonly called the â€Å"Father of Civil Rights,† and is looked upon as a national icon, in an almost presidential-type light. His achievements have not only begat a national holiday for his birthday, but also helped lead to the creation of Black History Month. However, his accomplishments were not so regaled in his own time. 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But no decade in the twentieth century, other than the 1930s, has had one sole event define its entirety. This event was the Great Depression. Beginning in 1929, the Great Depression was present in every aspect of society from the richest CEO to the poorest pauper. Although theRead MoreMartin Luther Kings Impact On The Civil Rights Movement1030 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. was an American priest, activist, and important leader in the African-American Civil Rights movem ent. His main hope was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States, and he has become a human rights icon. King was a Baptist minister and activist. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. King s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered hisRead MoreThe I Have A Dream Speech1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe Year of 1963 The year of 1963 was a year of alarm for American’s. Throughout the country, Americans were experiencing events of mass chaos for the first time. From assassinations of political figures, to riots and protests to end segregation were just a few of the problems that started in this year. Martin Luther King Jr. was a huge political figure in this era. He began protests and marches that lead to controversy around the United States. These marches and protests however, lead to violentRead MoreTurmoil During The Civil Rights Era843 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Germaneri May 12, 2015 Nawar 1 Assassinations in American history have had a great impact on the social system. Upheavals based on opinion within a society cause chaos and discourse. Assassinations have major consequences not just on the country in question, but on everyone. For example, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the United States entering World War I. 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Marketing Plan for Kellogg Cornflakes- Free Marketing Essay

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan for Kellogg Cornflakes. Answer: Introduction: The Kelloggs company is a fast growing company that produces various consumable goods to the Canadian and international market. The company has a good reputation of producing products that suit its targeted consumer needs. The company has recently introduced the Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) to the dynamic Canadian market. The product is yet to generate good sales to the company. However, most Canadian citizens are not aware that such product exists in the market. Only a few individuals are aware of the product. This fact calls for an initiative to create a marketing plan to enlighten consumers in the market for the availability of this product in the market and reasons why they should choose it over other similar competitive products sold in the market. A SWOT analysis was done to plan an effective marketing strategy to promote Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) to millennials in Canada. The following results were found: STRENGTHS Good Quality. Low Fat. Strong Brand. WEAKNESS Little knowledge by consumers. Low export orders. OPPORTUNITIES Growth prospect. Profitability to consumers. Advertisement to consumers. THREATS Availability of similar products in the market. Competition from competitive companies. The company is expected to maintain the standards of their strengths, improve on their weaknesses, explore the available opportunities and work on strategies to outshine its threats on the consumer market. Targeted Market The Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) are distributed to mini-supermarkets, Supermarkets, retail shops and malls in customers for customers consumption. The targeted market for this product aims at selling their products Children, teenagers, and adults. Children on age group (5- 15) years. This group of individuals consumes most of Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) Millennials in Canada. The product was initially developed to suit their consumer needs. Most children consume cornflakes at least two to three times daily. The Kelloggs company can identify geographical regions where there are more children of this age and promote their products in such potential markets. Teenagers of age group (16 - 30) years. This psychographic group of individuals is great prospects of consuming Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) for breakfast. Individuals of this group always look for something delicious and easy to prepare for their breakfast. When a strong marketing strategy is developed to reach this grou ps of individuals the product is likely to do well. Teenagers are the prime consumers for Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size). Adults of age group (30 60) years. The consumption rate for this group is of individuals high. Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) contain high energy. Individuals of this age group will go for this product to for breakfast to give them the energy to work until lunch time. The table below shows a targeted market for Kelloggs Cornflakes: Segment Name Active millennials Targeted to individuals who prefer easy to prepare breakfast. Benefit Sort High energy. Kelloggs Cornflakes is rich of high energy Demographics Age, Taste, and preference. It is consumed by individuals of (5- 60) years old age bracket. Cohort Millennials. The easy to prepare a strategy for Kelloggs Cornflakes works best for millennials. Psychographics/ Lifestyle/ Vals Activists. It is suitable for individuals who engage in activities that require the high energy of operation. Usage Rate Twice daily. Consumers can take Kelloggs Cornflakes twice daily. In the early morning and in mid-morning. Usage Situation For Breakfast. Kelloggs Cornflakes are designed to be consumed for breakfast. Example Competitive Nutritional Facts. It contains Corn (89%), vitamins, salt sugar, vitamin E [soy], barley malt extract, (vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, folate), minerals (zinc, oxide, iron). Marketing strategy Marketing strategy is the key to running a successful campaign to promote new/ existing products to the consumers market. An effective marketing strategy to promote Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) involves the use of data analyzed in the SWOT analysis to create an effective promotional marketing campaign to reach the consumer market. The marketing team can embrace the use of paid media (TV), social media and through campaigns rallies to advertise their product. Positioning Strategy Effective positional strategies can be developed by looking at the competition in the market, nature of the product being initiated in the market and consumer response to the product sold in the market. There are two main positioning strategies approaches to be used in promoting the Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) in the consumers market. They Include: Using the characteristic of the product i.e. packaging and quality of Cornflakes sold to the consumers, price factor and promotion of the product. Product The production team is expected to outshine the quality that its competitors offer in the market. This factor can be done by using the best flavor in the production of Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size). The marketing team is also expected to develop more attractive packaging materials of the Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size). Most consumers buy a product that is more attractive to the eye and later analysis the quality of products they purchase. Promotion The most effective means of promoting Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) to millennials in Canada is through the use of the paid media (TV). The management should budget on issuing funds for promotion of Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) in news commercial during morning news, in breaks before breaking news is announced, in lunchtime news and evening news. Most individuals in Canada are attached to their media sources during this time. Chances that more individuals will be enlightened about Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) to millennials in Canada are high. By using this strategy, sales of the product to the consumer market is likely to increase. The marketing team should also embrace the use of Social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to reach more potential prospects to purchase their products. Promotional rallies are also effective promotional management skills that boost sales of products to the market. The marketing team is expected to send its marketing agents into the m arket and organize rallies to promote the Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) to millennials in Canada. The company is likely to make more sales by using face to face interaction with their customers. Price placement Price factor will put Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) in a better position to make more sales compared to its competitor products on the same shelf life. The marketing team should be assigned to research on the price its competitors sell similar products to the Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) in mini-supermarkets, retail shops, and Canadian Malls. One's analysis is presented to the marketing manager, the price for the Kelloggs Cornflakes (440g size) is to be revised to offer the best price in the market. Consumers will purchase products with the best lowest price in the market and is of good quality. Bibliography Martin, M. (2016). How to Create an Effective Marketing Plan. (Online) Retrieved From: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4-creating-effective-business-marketing-plan.html Retrieval date: 12th01/17. The trademark of Kellogg Company. (2016). Kellogg's* Corn Flakes* cereal. (Online) Retrieved From: https://www.kelloggs.ca/en_CA/kellogg-s-corn-flakes-cereal-product.html?gclid=Cj0KEQiAzNfDBRD2xKrO4pSnnOkBEiQAbzzeQa9SHpE2v12Ko7S7WTLnrezVJrB1EB-I9t5x8YJRwHQaAur38P8HAQ Retrieval date: 12th01/17. Nawabzade. (2014). Full Project on SWOT Analysis of FMCG Industries. (Online) Retrieved From: https://nawabzade.com/full-project-on-swot-analysis-of-fmcg-industries/ Retrieval date: 12th01/17. Bradley, S. (2012). How Businesses Selling a Consumable Consumer Product Can Easily Increase Their Sales Using Twitter Search. Online) Retrieved From https://brilliantbusinessadvice.com/how-businesses-selling-a-consumabl-consumer-product-can-easily-increase-their-sales-using-twitter-search/ Retrieval date: 12th01/17. Lauren, L. (2017). What Is Positioning in a Marketing Plan? (Online) Retrieved From: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/positioning-marketing-plan-22983.html Retrieval date: 12th01/17. Lombardo, J. Positioning and Differentiation in Consumer Marketing. (Online) Retrieved From: https://study.com/academy/lesson/positioning-and-differentiation-in-consumer-marketing.html Retrieval date: 12th01/17.

The First World War Essay Example

The First World War Essay The First World War which began in 1914 and ended in 1918 engaged more nations and produced greater destruction as compared to any other war in recorded history besides the Second World War (Roberts 265; Williamson 485).   An assassin’s bullet fired the battle and a system of military alliances drove the central European powers into the battlefront.   Each side anticipated immediate triumph.   However, it took four years for the war to finally draw to a close as it cost the lives of virtually 10 million troops (Roberts 265; BBC News; Williamson 485).Several developments directed to the cruel violence of the Great War, as the First World War was formerly known (Roberts 265; Williamson 485).   War plants continued manufacturing large quantities of newly invented weaponries which can cause extraordinary destruction.   Military conscription created larger defense forces than ever before, and great patriotism made several men commit to a cause they were ready to risk thei r lives for.   Propaganda brought about support for the battle by making the opponent appear villainous.Origins of the First World WarThe assassination of Austria-Hungary Archduke Francis Ferdinand happened on the 28th day of June 1914 at the country’s Bosnia province capital (Roberts 265; BBC News; Williamson 485).   Gavrilo Princip, the assassin is associated with a terrorist group in Serbia, which is now part of the present Yugoslavia (Roberts 265).   Austria-Hungary accused the Serbian government as the mastermind of the assassination.   It took the opportunity to enter into conflict with Serbia and resolve an old dispute.The archduke’s assassination ignited the First World War.   However, it had can also draw its roots in the development of the 1800’s.   Its main causes were a system of military alliances, the race for colonies, the build-up of military power, and the rise of nationalism.Role of ImperialismThe European countries shaped practical ly the entire Africa and much of Asia into colonies by the 1800’s until the earlier part of 1900’s (Roberts 266).   The competition for colonies was ignited by the rising industrialization of Europe.   Colonies provided European countries with opportunities for investment, markets for manufactured goods, and raw materials for factories. However, the race for colonies damaged relations between European nations.   Clashes between opposing powers broke out practically every year.Role of MilitarismAn increase in military power took place among European nations prior to the start of the First World War.   Nationalism promoted public support for military upsurges as well as for a nation’s employment of force to attain its objectives.   Germany had the best-trained defense force the world has ever known during the latter part of the 1800’s (Duff).   It depended on a military conscription of all physically fit young men to improve the strength and exp and the size of its peacetime defense force.   Other European nations chased their lead and built-up their existing armed forces.Initially, Great Britain remained indifferent concerning the military upsurge being done by Germany.   As an island country, it depended on its naval forces for protection – and it had the strongest naval forces in the world at that time.   However, Germany started to form a naval force huge enough to challenge the British naval force in 1898 (Williamson 485).Role of NationalismA century prior to the outset of the First World War, Europe prevented major wars from happening. Even though small wars took place, only few nations were actually involved in the warfare.   However, a force came to the European continent in 1800’s and erupted into a war (Roberts 266; BBC News; Williamson 485).   Such force is otherwise known as nationalism.   The principle behind nationalism is that loyalty to an individual’s country as well as to i ts economic and political ambitions is more important than any other public duty (Roberts 266; Strikwerda 1138).   The exaggerated manifestation of loyalty raised the chances of war since one country’s objectives unavoidably came into contact with that of the others.   Moreover, patriotism caused countries to blow up minor conflicts into major problems.   Consequently, it could lead to a threat of waging a war over nations in dispute.Nationalism destabilized the empires of Ottoman Turkey, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in Eastern Europe.   These empires led many national groups who cried for independence.   Tensions between national groups were particularly tense in the Southern European peninsula in Balkan.   The Balkan Peninsula, otherwise known as the â€Å"Power Keg of Europe† is where conflicts which threatened to provoke a major warfare took place (Williamson 485).   The Ottoman Empire constituted the majority of the Balkans.   The nations who gained independence beginning in 1821 until 1913 were Greece, followed by Montenegro, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania, respectively (Williamson 485).   Each nation argued with each other over the subject of borders.   Russia and Austria-Hungary also capitalized on the Ottoman Empire’s failure to spread its influence in the Balkans.Competition for power over the Balkans augmented the conflicts which led to the eruption of the First World War.   Serbia headed a movement to unify the Slavs in the region.   It gained the support of the most powerful Slavic nation, Russia.   However, Austria-Hungary dreaded Slavic nationalism, which caused instability to its empire.   Austria-Hungary seriously provoked Serbia in 1908 when it added Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Balkan territory to its empire (Williamson 485).   Since many Serbs lived in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia wanted to gain control of the territory.Role of Great Power PoliticsIn the span of weeks following Archdu ke Francis Ferdinand’s assassination, the major European powers were dragged into the First World War.   A few efforts were exerted to avert the warfare.   Great Britain, for instance, suggested an international conference to stop the conflict.   However, Germany turned down the proposal, arguing that the conflict concerned only Serbia and Austria-Hungary (BBC News).   Yet, Germany attempted to prevent the conflict from spreading.   Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany advised his cousin, Russia’s Czar Nicholas II not to set off (Roberts 267; Williamson 486).Russia had originally withdrawn its support for its ally Serbia.   Austria-Hungary had provoked Serbia by attacking Bosnia and Hercegovina in 1908, and Russia had receded (Williamson 486).   Russia pledged to support Serbia in 1914 Roberts 267).   Russia initially obtained a pledge of support from France.   In addition, at that time, the czar permitted plots to mobilize among the German boundary.   Russ ia declared on the 30th day of July 1914 that it would completely set off (Roberts 267; Williamson 485).On the 1st day of August 1914, Germany entered into conflict with Russia to counter the latter’s mobilization (Williamson 485).   Two days after, Germany waged war against France.   The defense forces of Germany invaded Belgium as it headed for France.   The attack of neutral Belgium triggered Britain to enter into conflict with Germany on the 4th day of August (Roberts 265).   When the war finally drew to a close in November 1918, only a few portions of the world was kept neutral.Role of the Alliance SystemPrior to the outset of the First World War, a sense of security was provided to the European powers by the system of military alliances.   A nation attempted to prevent an assault from its opponents by engaging in a military alliance with one or more nations.   In the event of an assault, the aforementioned agreement assured that other members of the alliance would rescue the nation in danger or to the very least, not to take sides.Even while military alliance granted protection for a nation, the system at the same time formed threats.   As a result of its alliance, a nation could possibly trust to chance its dealings with other nations, something that it would reluctantly engage in without the guarantee of support from its allies.   In times of war, the alliance system required that a number of countries would engage in a battle besides the two who are originally engaged in conflict.   Alliances could push a nation to enter into conflict against another country it had no disagreement with or on a matter it had not concern about at all.   Moreover, the conditions of many alliances remained undisclosed.   The confidentiality increased the possibilities that a nation might mistakenly estimate the costs of the actions it takes.Major Players, Individuals, and EventsArchduke Francis Ferdinand’s assassination sparked the outb reak of the First World War.   However, historians take into account that the war had deep-seated roots.   The war resulted primarily from the development of great national pride amongst diverse European peoples, the establishment of military alliances, a competition for colonies, and a huge expansion of the European defense forces.   At the outset of the war, Russia, Great Britain, and France – collectively known as the Allies supported Serbia (Williamson 485).   The Allies were in opposition with the Central Powers which constitutes Germany and Austria-Hungary (Roberts 265).   Other countries eventually form an alliance with either the Central Powers or the Allies.The War shaping Society, Technology, and WarfareThe First World War resulted in substantial transformation in society.   The loss of many young lives impacted France more than any other nation.   Their population declined in 1920’s due to a low birth rate (Strikwerda 1138).   Millions of peo ple were displaced because of the conflict.   There are those who left their homes laid waste by the war and soon discover their villages, farms, and houses similarly shattered.   Some became refugees because of the changes in leaderships and national boundaries, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe (Strikwerda 1138).When Germany decided to become a major sea power, it turned out to be Great Britain’s bitter rival.   The British naval forces launched its maiden and modern battleship, Dreadnought in 1906 (Roberts 265).   The heavily equipped battleship had superior military capability as compared to any other ship that ever existed during that time.   For this reason, Germany, on its end, hurriedly developed ships resembling the Dreadnought.Technological advances, particularly the techniques, materials, and tools for industrialization augmented the destructive power of the armed forces.   Machine guns as well as other newly developed weapons fired more swiftl y and more accurately as compared to the previous military hardware.   Railways and steamships could accelerate the transfer of equipment and troops.   During the late 1800’s, technology has already made it possible for nations to wage longer battles as well as endure greater damages than they have ever done in the past (Duff).   In spite of that, military experts maintained that future conflicts would be shorter.The First World War produced results that no one from the feuding nations had predicted.   It aided in overthrowing emperors from Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary.   The peace treaties following the war established new nations out of the overthrown powers.   It left Europe depleted, in no way able to reclaim its influential position in the world affairs as it previously had before the war began.   The peace settlement also produced situations which thrust the world into another major war.