Caspian Construction PLC Security Management

Caspian Construction PLC Security Management Twenty-Four Hour Security Management Site security is one of the fundamental aspects, which must be given first priority in the event that a construction expects to undertake any assigned project work in a timely, as well as less costly manner. In every construction site, the term security has a wide range of meanings. It may refer to the safety of the workers who are on the site in terms of enjoying an accident free environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Caspian Construction PLC Security Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Security can also refer to the undertaking of loss control through the prevention of equipment theft. In most of the Venezuelan construction sites, contractors incur big losses as a result of equipment theft. Even though insurance firms offset some of the financial costs, the contractor settles most of the uninsured costs. The runway construction will entail a wide range of equipment along with a diverse workforce and thus it will be of great essence to put in place vibrant security measures (Fay, 2011). Contractors with insufficient security management remain to be theft targets. The security personnel should address all issues leading to both tool, as well as, equipment theft. In most of the scenarios, the profitability of a construction company highly relies on the ability to prevent theft losses effectively. An effective construction-site security requires good planning along with programming. Runway construction involves the use of construction material along with equipment of high value and thus it is vital to prevent them from being stolen. Secure equipment automatically leads to secure business. Equipment theft is associated with various potential sources. However, the two principal sources are the workers on the site along with the general public who visit the site as the construction work continues. Caspian Construction PLC has to implement various me asures to succeed in maintaining a twenty-four hour security operation within the Venezuelan site. In the first place, it will be of great essence to establish methods of getting early warning signs while undertaking construction site monitoring. It is highly unlikely that thieves or vandals will forewarn anyone about their intention to carry out theft on a certain place. Nevertheless, it is important to note that there are various techniques that could be used by a security manager in order to acquire information concerning a planned theft (Sennewald, 2011). This could be through early warning messages. For instance, using Google alerts, one can get aware of the string of thefts taking place within the neighborhood and thus tighten vigilance within the site.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other measure, which will be put into consideration, is ensuring that th e security lighting within the construction site is at acceptable standards. Lighting brings down construction site theft because it discourages prowlers. In addition, adequate lighting assists those assigned the duty of monitoring the site in identifying the suspicious activities. It has been established that intruders will tend to target the poorly lit areas. Therefore, before the construction materials along with equipment are brought to the site, security lights should be positioned in various points within the site. It is always recommended to make use of white light because it is considerably bright. White light is also helpful in making a clear color differentiation, thereby facilitating the identification and reading of license plates. Even though the white lights are expense to maintain lit; they are worth the price. In accordance to the basic thumb rule, the white light can assist the security personnel to identify a certain face, which is approximately thirty feet away. I t is also essential to make it certain that the power sources within the site are protected. Thieves always attempt to interfere with the power source prior to carrying out their agenda. It is therefore advisable to have a well-secured private power source for the purposes of the security lighting. Daytime security should no be taken for granted. In most of the construction sites, the security managers tend to overlook daytime security issues. In this regard, it is essential to formulate security questions, which will be applied within the field. Moreover, it might be essential to request all the site workers to remain dressed in a set standard uniform while undertaking their daily duties (Fay, 2011). This might seem insignificant but it makes the identification of unauthorized â€Å"visitors† easier. In respect to the security questions, the on-site staff should be trained on formulating strong lined questions, which might assist them in identifying unauthorized persons with in the site. For instance, instead of asking an individual whether he or she works within the site, the crew should inquire from the individual whomever he or she works for within the site. This is due to the fact that a construction of this magnitude will entail a number of sub-contractors and some invaders may hide their identity behind the sub-contractors’ names.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Caspian Construction PLC Security Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other step will be the development of a pre-job checklist. A checklist will turn out as vital in making better the site security. Within the list, various personnel will be assigned certain security duties. The assignment should be allocated to those who have the required expertise, as well as, experience. Since some of them will have served in the same capacity in the previous projects, they will be requested to dedicate themselves mo re within this project by promising them various incentives. The checklist will also consist of items such as inventory management system, mandatory sign-in register along other documents, which may assist in reducing theft. Consideration will also be made to award gifts to individuals thought to have made the most helpful security tip within a certain time, for instance, per month. The gathering of essential contacts such as police contacts, fir department’s contacts, as well as, neighbors’ contacts will not be overlooked (Sennewald, 2011). Through the use of internet, substantial information about the local contacts of all the individuals mentioned previously will be obtained. The local police will assist in making specifications about the distinct security precautions, which should be made. The aforementioned security measures may not achieve much success in the absence of a strong security fence. Within every site security program, more focus should be directed tow ards the establishment of the perimeter fence as it acts as the site’s defense line. Security fences are fundamental for the protection of tools along with materials. They also assist in bring under control the issue of trespassers. It is only at the presence of a security fence that one can launch a lawsuit on trespassing against any culprits. Therefore, the security fences should satisfy certain characteristics. The security fences should be high such that they cannot be climbed. Moreover, high fences play the role of psychological deterrent. Trespassers along with â€Å"impulse† vandals get discouraged upon coming across high fences. It is also important to ensure that the number of gates within the security fence is brought to the minimum. In the event that the access gates are numerous, the more vulnerable is the security detail. The gates should also be narrow enough to allow the entry of emergency vehicles.Advertising Looking for essay on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It will also be necessary to conduct an analysis of the security needs of that specific site. The analysis will entail of reviewing the crime rate within the area. This is due to the fact most of the site theft is always organized from within (Fay, 2011). In addition, while conducting the security analysis, safety zones will be identified within which the stores along with car park will be located. There are other rules along with regulations, which will be passed to all the workers prior to the commencement of the project. The staff will also be informed about the reporting procedures to be followed in case they discover cases related to equipment theft. It is unethical to wait for a certain theft incident to take place to establish the reporting procedures. In the course of the working hours, all the equipment should remain locked, as well as, immobilized. Anti-theft devices will be attached on various equipments such as steering-wheel locks, locked fuel caps along with some more others. Where possible, all the equipment within the site should remain securely locked once not in operation. It will also be essential to install an alarm system within the site. Moreover, all the major equipments along with site vehicles should be protected by an alarm system (Sennewald, 2011). Alarm systems will always send warning signals to the security personnel in the event that thieves strike. In order to ensure that everything within the site is well monitored; surveillance cameras will also be installed within various areas along with main stores within the site. Basically, it is only with commitment that it is possible to prevent theft effectively. In the event that not all the employees are enlightened about the essence of prioritizing theft prevention, all the formulated theft policies will be bound to fail. All workers along with their supervisors will be held accountable in playing their assigned role within the theft-prevention program. Proper communication channels will be established to ensure that all the workers, as well as sub contractors have all the required information related to security matters. Benefits and shortfalls of making use of local security personnel It is always vital to make use of the local residents or security companies in the provision of security services. Given that the project is being carried out within an area whereby the company management is not conversant with the security situation, securing the services of a local security agency is well advised. The local security firm will have an upper hand in offering efficient security services because it understands better the security needs of the area. Moreover, in relation to the social constructivism theory, cultural understanding is essential in the establishment of practical security system. Even though security issues are currently approached with a global perspective, the local security aspects cannot be overlooked. Moreover, the local security firms will have already established good relationships with the local police such that they can offer them any kind of assistance they may require. Making use of local security firms will also establish good public relations of the Caspian Construction PLC with local companies. It is essential that multi-national companies dish out some contracts in form of sub-contracts to the local firms within which they are carrying out a given project. The locals will be even more ready to cooperate with the company because they are offering them employment. Moreover, in relation to the chaos theory, it is only the local security firm, which can comprehend well the prevailing security conditions. Even though much information can be obtained online regarding the security situation within Venezuela along with the crime rate within the earmarked site area, the information may not be adequate to formulate effective security policies. In addition, the locals are well equipped with the local security laws and thus w hen they need to initiate lawsuits against other parties; they will take up the assignment with a lot of ease. The chaos theory is mostly based on the visual ‘butter fly effect’ whereby underestimated aspects can bring about unforeseeable effects. While the idea of contracting local security agency may seem small, it can help much in mitigating various security issues. It is the local firm, which is well informed with the various forces, which can trigger security instability within the construction site. Putting into consideration the contract involves runway construction within an airport; matters concerning security will be highly prioritized. Airports are sensitive areas and a slack in the security detail can put at stake the lives of numerous individuals (Fay, 2011). The contracted local security firm will be more dedicated in protecting its fellow citizens against any form of attack, which can be targeted to the airport as a result of the on-going construction wor k. Moreover, the local security firm will also be well placed in communicating with the local stakeholders in regard to offering other types of support to the project. Given that they understand Venezuela better than the Caspian Construction PLC management, they will offer suitable advice on the local firms, which should be assigned various sub-contracting jobs. Sub-contracts should be offered to reputable firms. In the event that the sub-contracts are assigned to unworthy companies, the security within the construction site may be at stake. Malicious sub contractors can even organize theft within the construction site. Information provided by various companies within their websites may not be the most appropriate for establishing their actual capacities (Sennewald, 2011). Some firms in the endeavour of expanding their client base post misleading information within their websites. It will also be less expensive to make use of local security firms. These firms will be well informed a bout the various costs which they have to pay for various security equipments such as surveillance cameras. The local companies may attempt to fleece Caspian Construction PLC in the event that they attempt to purchase such equipment by themselves. Caspian being an international company, majority of the local firms may be more concerned with taking advantage of the firm. However, making use of local security firms will be quite helpful in resolving such contracting obstacles. Moreover, the contract to undertake the runway construction was most likely awarded by the Venezuelan government. The government will therefore be highly impressed to have local companies involved in the project because that will be a form of supporting local Venezuela business. Besides, it will be a good gesture by the company, as it will show commitment in investing in the country’s local economy. Awarding the security provision contract to a local company will also assist Caspian Construction PLC in re ducing the administration workload. This is due to the fact that the company management will not be involved in the recruitment, as well as, supervision of security personnel. It will be the duty of the contracted local firm to carry out all the duties concerning the provision of security within the site. In addition, outsourcing security services increases the reliability of the security team (Fay, 2011). Given that the contracted firm is strictly involved with the provision of security services, its personnel will obviously be well trained and in possession of the desired experience. Moreover, in case the need to replace the security personnel emerges, the local firm will be in a position to undertake that duty immediately without major constraints. On the contrary, in the event that Caspian Construction PLC decides to manage its security workforce, it may face staffing problems given that they are operating in a foreign land. In case emergency cases emerge which require extra sec urity staff, the local firm will be capable of meeting that requirement. The security needs within the site will not remain constant through out the construction period, as time progresses, there may be the need to trim down the security personnel. The local security firm will accomplish that without making the personnel redundant because they will be posted to other stations. Besides, Caspian Construction PLC may not be in a position to retain the security personnel after the completion of the project. Nevertheless, in the course of contracting the local firm, it is advisable to evaluate the company’s reputation along with efficiency. Even though there are numerous advantages associated with the contracting of local firms for the provision of security services, there are also several disadvantages linked to such a step. The procedures of the security firm may not be suitable for the Caspian Construction PLC. The local firm may indulge in certain work ethics which may not be acceptable within the Caspian Construction PLC. The local firm may take security issues with much unnecessary concern. The local security firm may also end up being sued for using unnecessary force in scenarios which did not require such forces. In the event that the firm is charged within the local courts for causing unnecessary harm on suspected vandals, disagreements may emerge on the firm which is supposed to take responsibility. In other cases, the costs of sub-contacting a local security firm may be considerably high than employing such personnel directly. The sub-contracted firms will cite various management issues to justify their exorbitant costs. The other disadvantage is that the contracted security firm may have poorly trained security personnel. This will lead to making the construction firm even more vulnerable to incidents of theft. As mentioned earlier, most of the on-site thefts are masterminded by the workforce present in the site (Sennewald, 2011). The contracted security firm personnel may not integrate well with the Caspian Construction PLC employees. Due to the poor relations between the security personnel with the other workforce on the site, it will be easier to plan equipment or even material theft. The loyalty of the local firm’s employees may also be questionable. Given that any equipment loss will not affect them directly, they may even abet in organizing equipment theft with willing parties. Moreover, unfaithful security personnel can also take part in offering security information which is supposed to remain confidential to outsiders. Seeking the services of another firm to deal with security issue may impact negatively on the relationship of the construction firm employees with their management. The employees may get the false impression that the company management does not trust them. In the effort to prove that such a measure was not worthwhile, these employees may organize equipment, as well as, material theft so that t he sub-contracted firm may turn out as ineffective. In the event that equipment loss takes place, the sub-contracted security firm may object taking up responsibility. This may lead to unnecessary costs as the Caspian Construction PLC may be forced to launch lawsuits against the firm. Besides, the insurance companies can also deny compensating for the lost equipment on the excuse that the company had passed the responsibility of taking care of its assets to another firm. To overcome all these shortcomings, prior to warding the contract to a certain firm, it will be necessary to evaluate the company’s policies. Construction equipments are highly expensive and thus the hired security should have a good history in the security field. Besides, the company should be in a good financial position such that it can meet the costs of establishing vibrant security systems, which in most cases prove to be costly. Reference List Fay, J., 2011. Contemporary security management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Sennewald, C. A., 2011. Effective security management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Florida Cop Killer Shot 68 Times by SWAT Team

Florida Cop Killer Shot 68 Times by SWAT Team On September 28, 2006, Angilo Freeland, 27, a suspected drug dealer, fled from Polk County, Florida, police after he was pulled over in a routine traffic stop by Deputy Douglas Speirs. The deputy called for backup and Deputy Vernon Matthew Williams answered the call with his police dog DiOGi. As they followed the suspect into the woods there was a burst of gunfire and Deputy Williams, a father of three, and his dog were killed and Speirs was wounded in the leg. An autopsy report revealed that Williams, 39, was shot eight times. He was shot once a close range behind his right ear and again in his right temple. Officers also noted that Williams gun and ammunition were missing. After a massive manhunt for the fugitive through the night, a SWAT team surrounded Freeland in a thickly wooded area hiding under a fallen tree. When he failed to show the officers both hands and they spotted a handgun in one of his hands, they opened fire. Freelands autopsy showed that he was shot 68 times. An investigation of the scene revealed that police fired 110 rounds. Thats all the bullets we had, or we would have shot him more, Polk County Sheriff Grady Judd told reporters. Who Was Angilo Freeland? Investigators later learned through Freelands hand-written journals   found in a search of his home  and interviews with family members, that he was an alleged drug smuggler who often traveled throughout Jamaica and South and Central America.   Born December 25, 1978, in a West Indies island of Antigua, Freeland shared many Rastafarian religious and political beliefs. He was a skilled survivalist with hand-to-hand combat and had extensive weaponry training. Through using several aliases he managed to come and go out of the U.S. at will. Criminal Background On April 24, 1999, Freeland was arrested after refusing to show his hands during a traffic stop within miles of where the 2006 deadly incident took place. According to arrest reports, Freeland was pulled over for speeding by the Florida Highway Patrol. After refusing to show his hands, he fled the scene, and then later ditched his truck and took off on foot. When the troopers searched the truck Freeland had abandoned, they found a loaded .380-caliber handgun and a pawn shop receipt that led them to where Freeland lived. He was arrested on charges of not having a valid drivers license, reckless driving, aggravated fleeing to elude, resisting arrest without violence, and carrying a concealed weapon.   Freeland was released on bail,  but failed to show up for his trial. A warrant was issued, but authorities were unable to locate him and in 2005 it was deemed stale and the case was dropped by the state attorneys office. Operation Sea-O-Pea An investigation into Freelands suspected drug trafficking activity in Florida led to a task force made up of federal, state and local-law-enforcement drug agencies. The investigation  called Operation Sea-O-Pea a.k.a. Diogis Revenge uncovered a drug and weapons connection between Latin America and Florida.   According to Polk County Sheriff Grady Judd, informants told investigators that Freeland acted as the enforcer of a drug-trafficking ring that dealt in cocaine, cannabis and weapons. He was the alleged rings hit man and suspected of killing up to 15 people who might have been informers or owed money. The investigation resulted in 10 arrests and the confiscation of six firearms, $500 in counterfeit US currency,   and approximately 3.5 pounds of cannabis along with information about two unsolved homicide cases in Orange County, Florida. FBI Investigation Into the Shooting In November 2006, the Department of Justice (DoJ) requested that the FBI investigate the conduct of the authorities involved in the shooting after the Florida Civil Rights Association filed a complaint stating that the incident showed extreme force and a disregard for human life. In June 2008, the DoJ announced that the Polk County Sheriffs Office was cleared of any wrongdoing and that the investigation was closed.

World history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World history - Essay Example The Germans were not happy with Theodore Roosevelt and were the first to say they would go to war. The other cause of the war was the assassination of an Austria-Hungary president. Serbia was not happy with the Austria-Hungarian rule (Class Notes). Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Austria Hungry by a Serbian nationalists led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on all Serbian nationals. Countries that supported either Serbia or Austria-Hungary also went to war (Ross 27). The other cause of World War I was nationalism. As mentioned earlier, there are countries that supported Serbia and Austria-Hungary when they were at war. Russia defended Serbia to strengthen their alliance. In addition, Russia also called France to support them against Austria-Hungary (Class Notes). Germany saw that Russia was mobilizing and declared war on Russia. Germany also decided to support Austria-Hungary against the Serbia. Lastly, the other cause of world war one was militarism (Ross 24). In 1900s, countries such as Germany and Great Britain had a lot of military buildup. In addition, the two countries also increased their navies during this time in preparation for war. Russia also joined the two in its military buildup. The increase of militarism between all these countries which has access to powerful weapons contributed to the start of world war one. Unlike the First World War, the second was as a result of long-term and short-term causes. One of the long-term causes of the war was that the League of Nations was not able to deal with some of the main international issues which were causing conflicts. The League of Nations was an international organization created after the First World War to deal with international conflicts. For example, the conflict between Abyssinia and Manchuria was not under control because the league showed it was not able to deal with the two powers (Class Notes). The other long term cause was the anger that was felt all

Economics of UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economics of UAE - Essay Example The study also focuses on those factors which can be improved with the aim of increasing the economic stability of the nation. It has been observed in this regard that UAE strongly believes in diversification of the economy, followed by strong resources for supporting the initiatives for development in fields of education towards enhancing the overall competency of the nation. The economy of UAE is one of the fastest growing economies in the world (Ministry of Economy, 2008). Contextually, the economy of UAE offers large scope to foreign investors. The scope of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) is very high in UAE which makes the nation one of the most potential hubs for foreign nationals to penetrate through business outsourcing. As UAE has been developing vibrantly, there are many areas or sectors of development which are rendered with utmost priority by the government such as banking, education, industrial and infrastructural development, oil industries among others (Heyzer, 2009) . The keys sectors in UAE that has achieved excellence within the last ten years will be highlighted in this study along with the areas where UAE is criticised to be lacking behind. Correspondingly, an effort will also be made in this study to identify the areas in which future development will be much promising to ensure economic prosperity of UAE. Macroeconomic Performance of the UAE The macroeconomic performance of UAE can be assessed with reference to the major indicators including the GDP growth rate, inflation rate, population rate and its leading industrial components with due significance to the dimensions of oil reserves and oil exports. Contextually, the attributes signifying the diversification and the composition of GDP, international trade (with respect to its performances in terms of exports and imports), unemployment level, BoP, fiscal policies and all the major sectors of growth i.e. industries, infrastructures, banking and education can also be considered as useful when assessing the macroeconomic performance of UAE. With this concern, the economic performance of each of these indicators has been conducted through a brief discussion in the below sections. GDP A degradable growth in GDP has been observed in UAE over the past few years. For instance, in the recent years, its GDP has been falling from 5% in 2012 to 3.7% in 2013. It is worth mentioning in this context that economists have been arguing that the main reason for the decline is largely due to the enactment of new policies which are formed with the sole intention to control oil productivity, ensuring limits over the environmental hazards caused by this particular industry sector, which is often regarded to be the main source of national income in UAE. According to a global report, UAE’s GDP has been observed to have increased by 6.8% in 2012, quite admirably after its steep fall in the year 2008 owing to the occurrence of global recession as can be observed in the pictorial repr esentation below (Mubasher Info, 2013). With an increased rate of GDP in 2012 it can be expected to have more increase in the GDP rate in the year 2013 which can be considered as strength of the economy. But at the same time, the GDP growth rat

Opinion Essay on Inventions Essay Example for Free

Opinion Essay on Inventions Essay In my opinion, the most important invention of all time in the history of human civilization and enterprise is the internet. Why the internet? Simply because I believe this invention has made the world a better place. In almost everything we do, we need the Internet. Whether it is to look for a job, research for a project or even find love. The Internet is a dominant factor that plays an important role in our lives. We just simply cannot escape the influence that the Internet has on us. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft enterprises, once said â€Å"The internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow†. This quote may seem short, but to me, it significantly holds a deeper meaning that defines the power and potential of the Internet. The interesting part was that this famous entrepreneur had said this quote in 2003 which by then the internet was not a worldwide phenomenon like it is today. It is undeniable that this invention has done many wonders to our lives. The Internet has defined and simplified all means of communication, research and entertainment in our lives in this technological era. Internet was invented in the beginning of the 19th century but deigned and published in the year 1973-1974 to suit consumer needs and wants. This invention was solely meant for military purposes, to be used as a communication network for US militants. However, this invention failed to convince the military and was modified and published for the use of the public. This invention may not have proved its original purpose but it has indeed benefit society through its many functions and benefits. From the looks of what internet has done for us, it is evident that Internet has changed and improved life as it is. Basically our daily communication has changed for the better. It has made the world a smaller place to live in. Communication such as social websites or programs has brought great convenience as people globally can communicate and interact with one another with just a click of a button. It creates a cyber-world that promotes interaction in the midst of society, breaking the barrier s in telecommunications. Read more:  The World is a Smaller Place these Days Essay Examples of social websites or programs are Skype, Facebook, Twitter and MSN. Friends and family can always keep and touch. Websites like Facebook also enable people to know each other social activity without physical contact, this has definitely change people in this generation to know more people and have more friends. The best part of it all is that discrimination cannot be found in the Internet space as people cannot be seen physically. Businesses also rely on the Internet as a medium of promotion, marketing and advertising to gain publicity and fame to their companies. People can form partnerships or businesses without having the necessity of meeting each other face to face. Just like Bill Schrander once said, â€Å"Almost overnight, the Internets gone from a technical wonder to a business must.† I definitely agree with this statement as it is now apparent that physical distance becomes irrelevant with just with a click of a mouse button. Partners can hold conferences with the use of social programs that connects people worldwide. Advertising and marketing are also made easy through the use of the Internet, playing a big role in businesses today. This proves the immeasurable convenience the Internet has given us. Things that was impossible in the past, has been made possible with the invention of Internet. The improvement in the world’s communication is significant, contributing to the reason why it is the best invention in history. It has indeed made the world’s society hold a deeper connection between one other as cultures and lifestyles are being communicated vice versa creating a mutual understanding around the world. Internet has greatly played a role in the research department as the Internet is where countless of data and information is shared all over the world. A famous professor of mathematical literacy once said â€Å"The Internet is the world’s largest library. It’s just that a ll the books are on the floor.† This quote explains it clearly and precisely what the quote stated, the internet stores all the information. This information can easily be found in one floor. This quote is actually comparing the present to the past, when everybody had to gain knowledge and obtain information by reading and gathering books from in the library. It is inconvenient and definitely not like the internet, where any information can be found easily. The Internet has truly changed our world making it more convenient in general, unlike the past. We do not need to waste time searching for countless of books just to obtain information needed. In addition, the Internet brings the world one step ahead in education as students can attain knowledge with the click of a button. Internet has also become a universal storage system, because a human mind cannot withstand the information of the world throughout time. With this, information can be stored and shared to everybody in the world. The improvement of research is important because as time passes, humans will always strive to gain a better understanding of the universe and review all the past data which is stored in the Internet. When more knowledge is gained, we can apply, create and innovate the world to become a better place to live in. This is why the internet is of great importance, as the accumulated information will prove helpful for generations to come. The final reason why Internet is the best invention of all history is that internet does not only improve the world necessities in the means of convenience, communication and research. Internet also satisfies human pleasure. With the many programs, websites and applications, the Internet contributes to the expansion of entertainment. The definition of entertainment is an activity designed to give pleasure and relaxation to an audience. This is what internet is providing to us. Entertainment is a form of pleasure but is also important for human because they cannot handle continuous labor whether mentally or physically. With the invention of Internet, human pleasure is met. The Internet has a connection with the world and this is where people share their music and talents through the internet. Websites such as YouTube is a great example. Internet also allows free access to music, video and books. So the society does not need to be entertained by going out and using money. Instead, people can just go on the computer and get entertained through many websites. Entertainment as a whole help reliefs the stress and worries of many people. This is why I believe internet is the best invention in all history of human civilization and enterprise. In Conclusion, Internet is every combination of any other invention like phone or television. With internet, almost everything can be done through the power of the world wide connection. This shows how significant of value this invention is as it simplified all our means in communication, research and entertainment in our lives. The different programs have advance and improve our communication. The Internet’s ability to store unlimited information have brought the world one step ahead for convenient research and education. This is why I strongly believe Internet is the most important invention of all time in the history of human civilization and enterprise. Works Cited 5, December. History of the Internet. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 02 May 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet. Internet History Invention of the Internet. The Great Idea Finder Celebrating the Spirit of Innovation. Web. 02 May 2011. http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/internet.htm. Internet Is The Greatest Invention In The World Till Now! Voice Of Dingchao. Web. 02 May 2011. http://www.handingchao.com/internet-is-the-greatest-invention-in-the-world-till-now/. Internet Quotes. Find the Famous Quotes You Need, ThinkExist.com Quotations. Web. 02 May 2011. http://thinkexist.com/quotations/internet/. Internet Quotes, Sayings about the World Wide Web. The Quote Garden Quotes, Sayings, Quotations, Verses. Web. 02 May 2011. http://www.quotegarden.com/internet.html. John Allen Paulos. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 02 May 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Allen_Paulos. Life of Marsa. Web. 02 May 2011. http://lifeofmarsa.blogspot.com/.

COP 3530, Discrete Data Structures and Algorithms, Summer 1999, Homework 3 :: UFL Florida Computer Programming Homework

Class Notes: Data Structures and Algorithms Summer-C Semester 1999 - M WRF 2nd Period CSE/E119, Section 7344 Homework #3 -- Due Thu 10 June 1999 : 09.30am This is the key for Homework #3. Answers are in blue typeface. * Question 1. Given an 8-element sequence S = (3, -10, 4, -3, 8, 6, 5, 1), diagram the merge-sort tree (architecture) for the divide, sort, and conquer phases of the merge-sort algorithm, as we did in class. Label each level (e.g., L1, L2, etc.), as you will need this information in Question 2. Do not write code for merge-sort. Answer: Level 1 (3, -10, 4, -3, 8, 6, 5, 1) / Level 2 (3, -10, 4, -3) ( 8, 6, 5, 1) / / Level 3 (3, -10) (4, -3) (8, 6) (5, 1) X X X X

Economic Contribution of Women Essay

1. Introduction This short paper aims to highlight the important role women have and can play in economic development. It addresses three questions: what is the evidence base to support investing in women? What are the current constraints on realising the full potential of women in the process of economic development? What are the priority areas of intervention necessary to unblock these constraints? It is focussed on women and on economic development, rather than on the wider issue of gender and development. However, before looking at the evidence base, constraints, and interventions, it will provide a brief context of the evolution of thinking around women and development.1 1. The Evolution of ‘Women in Development’ to ‘Gender and Development’ In the  1970s, research on African farmers noted that, far from being gender neutral, development was gender blind and could harm women. Out of this realization emerged the Women in Development (WID) approach, which constructed the problem of development as being women’s exclusion from a benign process. Women’s subordination was seen as having its roots in their exclusion from the market sphere and their limited access to, and control, over resources. The key was then to place women ‘in’ development by legislatively trying to limit discrimination and by promoting their involvement in education and employment. The WID approach led to resources being targeted at women and made particularly women’s significant productive or income generating contribution, more visible. Their reproductive 1 This paper has been prepared with inputs from the membership of the SDSN Thematic Group on the â€Å"Challenges of Social Inclusion: Gender, Inequalities and Human Rights†, including: Kwadwo Appiagyei-Atua (University of Ghana, Legon), Jan Egeland (Human Rights Watch), Todd Minerson (White Ribbon Campaign), Richard Morgan (UNICEF), Sanam Naraghi-Anderlin (International Civil Society Action Network), Elisabeth Prà ¼gl (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), Magdalena Sepà ºlveda Carmona (UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights), and Valmaine Toki (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues). contribution was less well emphasised. While WID advocated for greater gender equality, it did not tackle the real structural problem: the unequal gender roles and relations that are at the basis of gender subordination and women’s exclusion. This approach also focussed on what have been termed practical gender needs, such as providing better access to water, which would reduce the amount of time women and girls must spend in domestic activities and thus allow them more time for education or employment. There was no questioning why collecting water has been constructed as a female responsibility, or why improved access to water is a need of women and girls only. In the 1980s, the Gender and Development (GAD) approach arose out of the critique of WID. GAD recognised that gender roles and relations are key to improving women’s lives, with the term ‘gender’ suggesting that a focus on both women and men is needed. More recently, the need to understand how gender intersects with other characteristics such as age, ethnicity and sexuality has been noted. The GAD approach recognises that it is not sufficient to add women and girls into existing processes of development but there is also a need to problematise why they are excluded, advocating that the focus should be on addressing the imbalances of power at the basis of that exclusion. GAD also questions the notion of ‘development’ and its benign nature, implying a need to shift from a narrow understanding of development as economic growth, to a more social or human centred development. GAD projects are more holistic and seek to address women’s strategic gender interests by seeking the elimination of institutionalised forms of discrimination for instance around land rights, or ensuring the right of women and girls to live free from violence, for example (Molyneux 1985; Moser 1989). The 1990s witnessed the ‘rise of rights’ as many NGOs and agencies adopted a rights-based approach to development. Rights increase the recognition that women’s demands are 3 legitimate claims. The most notable success for the women’s movement has perhaps been the establishment of sexual and reproductive rights as such. Within this has been recognition of women’s right to live free from violence, and a broadening of understanding of violence against women from ‘domestic’ to ‘gender based’. There was also a shift in understanding development as meaning economic development to a more holistic social development focus, yet economic growth remains the main driver. For the majority of large development organisations and agencies, the WID approach has now largely been replaced by GAD, which has been institutionalised within the notion of gender mainstreaming. Mainstreaming  involves ensuring that a gendered perspective is central to all activities, including planning, implementation and monitoring of all programmes, projects, and legislation. While critiqued if undertaken merely as a ‘tick box’ exercise, gender mainstreaming offers a potential for placing gender at the heart of development. However, women’s ‘rights’, particularly sexual and reproductive health rights, are not universally accepted as rights, and violence against women remains prevalent across the globe, and women still lack full and equal participation in economic and political life. Mainstreaming has yet to succeed and there is a need for a continued prioritisation of integrating women into development. 2. Evidence on the Importance of Women to Economic Development The most influential evidence on the importance of women to economic development has come from research used to support the World Bank’s ‘Gender Mainstreaming Strategy’ launched in 2001 (Dollar and Gatti 1999; Klasen 1999). This research highlighted that societies that discriminate by gender tend to experience less rapid economic growth and poverty reduction than societies that treat males and females more 4 equally, and that social gender disparities produce economically inefficient outcomes (World Bank 2001a). For example, it is shown that if African countries had closed the gender gap in schooling between 1960 and 1992 as quickly as East Asia did, this would have produced close to a doubling of per capita income growth in the region (WBGDG 2003). The primary pathways through which gender systems affect growth are by influencing the productivity of labour and the allocative efficiency of the economy (World Bank 2002). In terms of productivity, for example, if the access of women farmers to productive inputs and human capital were on a par with men’s access, total agricultural output could increase by an estimated 6 to 20 percent (World Bank 2001b). In terms of allocative efficiency, while increases in household income are generally associated with reduced child mortality risks, the marginal impact is almost 20 times as large if the income is in the hands of the mother rather than the father (WBGDG 2003). Identification of women as being a reliable, productive and cheap labour force makes them the preferred workforce for textiles and electronic transnational corporations. Perception of women as ‘good with money,’ including being better at paying back loans, has led them to be targeted in microfinance programmes. Recognition of women as more efficient distributors of goods and services within the household has led to them being targeted with resources aimed at alleviating poverty, such as cash transfer programmes. The above shows how the justification for including women in development in economic growth has been an efficiency argument, with equity concerns being 5  somewhat secondary. Critics suggest this instrumentalist approach to engendering development, while bringing economic growth gains, will not fundamentally change the position and situation of women. It is important to note that while gender equality will help bring economic growth, economic growth will not necessarily bring gender equality. Advancing gender equality requires strengthening different dimensions of women’s autonomy: economic and political autonomy, full citizenship and freedom from all forms of violence, and sexual and reproductive autonomy (Alpà ­zar Durà ¡n 2010). 3. Constraints on Realising the Full Potential of Women in the Process of Economic Development Investment in the human capital, health and education, of women and girls is presented as a key way forward as witnessed by the MDGs. The logic is that ‘educated, healthy women are more able to engage in productive activities, find formal sector employment, earn higher incomes and enjoy greater returns to schooling than are uneducated women†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (WBGDG 2003: 6). Educated women are more likely to invest in the education of their own children, and they are also more likely to have fewer children. Thus investment in human capital has positive short and longer term/inter-generational outcomes and is good for both productivity gains and limiting unsustainable population growth. However, attention has narrowly focussed on ensuring the equal access of girls to primary education. Inequality of access to secondary and higher education persists, as does the limited engagement of girls in the study of science and technology, limiting  the future life and employment options of adolescent girls. Willingness to school, feed, and provide healthcare to girls is far more strongly determined by income and the costs of providing these services than is the case for boys. Sen’s ‘100 million missing women’ is testimony to how girls are discriminated against in terms of the allocation of household resources to the point that it creates a gender imbalance in some societies and countries. Families are often unwilling to invest in the education of girls if this investment is not perceived as bringing them direct economic gains — girls are valued only as wives and mothers, and/or marriage transfers any potential future gains from this investment to another family. As 1 in 7 girls marries before the age of 18 in the developing world (UNFPA 2012), early and forced marriage remains a key issue and an important factor limiting young women’s engagement in both education and economic activities. Justice institutions, from the police to the courts, continue to deny women’s right to justice. Women and girls remain unable to access justice, given that in many countries there are still laws that discriminate against women in relation to the family, property, citizenship and employment. Justice systems also do not meet the needs of specific groups of women, such as indigenous women who are discriminated against and face violence in the public and private spheres based on both gender and race (UNPFII 2013). Cultural factors limit women’s rights and engagement in the workplace. Religion still has a key role to play in determining gender norms in many cultures and fundamentalist views across the spectrum of religions threaten or deny women’s rights, including rights related to sex and sexualities, and to mobility and employment. Economic fundamentalism, policies and practices that privilege profits over people, also deny women their rights as workers and to work. While political culture is important for bringing change, women continue to have a limited voice at the local and national levels, and women  are not able to fully participate in formal systems of power. In the majority of cultures unequal gender and generational relations exist within households with the male ‘head’ having a high level of control. A woman going out to work is often read by others as meaning the man is unable to provide for his family, making men reluctant and thus limiting women’s engagement in paid work through violence or the threat of violence. When women do engage in paid work, it can improve their voice in the home and ability to influence household decision-making. It can also lead to conflict in the home, especially if women earn more than men, or women’s employment coincides with men’s under or unemployment. In the last decades, a ‘crisis in masculinity’ has been recognised, relating to the changes in men’s roles and positions through processes of globalisation, suggesting a need to focus attention on men if these changes are to bring transformative progress towards greater equality, rather than further harm women. Women continue to suffer limited mobility and, in some cultures, women are not able to leave the home if not accompanied by a man, effectively negating any type of paid employment. Even when women are allowed to leave, they may face verbal, sexual and physical abuse from unknown males for being in the street and face gossip and stigma within their own communities. The growing levels and extremes of violence against women have been captured in the notion of femicide – the killing of women by men just for being women, including ‘honour killings.’ In Mexico for example, the term femicide has been used to describe female factory workers being killed for going against gender norms and engaging in paid work outside the home. One in three women across the globe will experience violence at some stage in her lifetime. Violence against women and girls, or the threat of violence, be it physical, sexual or emotional, both in the private and public spheres, at the hands of known and unknown men, 8 remains a key limiting factor to women’s mobility and engagement in  processes of development. Women who work at home have limited opportunities. While women are very engaged in agriculture, this is generally subsistence rather than cash crops. It is estimated that women own only 1% of property and lack of rights to inherit or own land, which severely limits women’s engagement in larger scale cash crop production. Even when women can inherit land, the need for male protection or labour may mean they will give the land to male relatives. Lack of land ownership may also stop them participating in schemes to improve agricultural output, while lack of wider assets disallows them from accessing loans. Given their lower asset base, women farmers may be most affected by climate change, and while having knowledge of how to adapt, they may be least able to adopt appropriate adaptation strategies. World Bank research has highlighted how the poor are less likely to engage in higher riskreturn activities and the result is that the return on their assets is 25-50% lower than for wealthier households (Holzmann and Jà ¸rgensen 2000). While not a gendered analysis, women’s relative poverty, lack of assets, and lack of experience might mean they are particularly risk averse keeping them from higher return economic initiatives. However, women have been shown to use micro-finance effectively to develop small enterprises and are recognised as good at paying back loans. When women are in paid employment, they are more likely to be engaged in part time rather than full time work, in the informal rather than the formal sector, and across the globe women earn less than men for comparable work. 9 During the recent financial crisis, measures to protect ‘the poor’ through employment programmes have not considered the gendered dimensions of crisis, yet women may have been more severely affected than men and in more diverse ways. Economic and financial crises cannot be seen in isolation from food, fuel, water, environment, human rights, and care crises (AWID 2012). Women face particular risks during disaster, which climate change may increase, and during conflict. In particular, the risk of physical and sexual violence increases. Agencies not only fail to protect women and girls, but their  reproductive and particularly their productive needs are often overlooked in crisis response and peacebuilding. While remunerated work is important for women, it is important to remember that women still undertake the bulk of unpaid work in the home, household plot, or family business. They have the primary responsibility for caring for children and older people as well responsibility for undertaking activities such as collection of water or firewood. Women play the key role in the ‘care economy’, which not only provides care to the young, old and the sick, but also is vital for ensuring a productive workforce. As this work is not remunerated, it is undervalued and lies outside general conceptualisations of the economy. Women engaged in paid work often face a double work day, since they may only be ‘allowed’ to work as long as their domestic duties are still fulfilled. This means women are time poor and the time burden may impact on their health and wellbeing. To alleviate this burden and free women to enter paid work, daughters may be taken out of school to cover the domestic work, with related negative impacts on their education and ability to seek remunerated work in the future. Women’s continued inability to control their own fertility means that childbirth limits their ability to engage in productive activities. Even when reproductive health services are 10 provided, this is not enough to ensure women’s ability to access them. Men may see the decision over if and when to have children to be their decision, and large numbers of children may be read as a sign of male fertility and power, which becomes more important when masculinity is threatened. In many cultures, discussion of sexualities remains taboo, denying access and rights to those who do not conform to the heterosexual ‘norm’. The sexual and reproductive rights of adolescent girls in particular may be overlooked and they may be denied access to reproductive health services if they are unmarried. Research establishes a link between education and women’s ability to control their fertility. Studies also show that paid work can promote greater understanding of sexual and reproductive rights among women. Women’s socially constructed altruistic behaviour means that economic resources that enter the household via women are more likely to be spent on household and children’s needs. Female-headed households may not be the ‘poorest of the poor’ as popularly constructed, since women who live with men may suffer ‘secondary poverty’– the household overall is not poor but, as the man withholds income for personal consumption, women and children within the household are poor (Chant 2006). When women earn, men may withhold even more of their income, leaving women and children with access to the same level of resources but improving the position of women through greater control of those resources. This ‘irresponsibility’ of men has meant women have been targeted within poverty reduction and social policy initiatives. While the targeting of women with resources is welcome, the associated â€Å"feminisation of obligation and responsibility† (Chant 2008) for delivering policy outcomes may not only marginalise men but add further to women’s existing triple burden of reproductive, productive, and community management work. It may privilege their reproductive over their productive role and reinforce women as mothers rather than workers. Care needs to be taken to ensure that programmes serve women’s needs and women are not merely placed at the service of these policy agendas (Molyneux 2007). It is important to remember that policies to promote economic development that include women but do not tackle the structural inequalities at the basis of their exclusion may bring growth gains, but will not necessarily bring gender equality gains. 4. Priority Areas of Intervention Necessary to Unblock these Constraints Women’s groups and movements across the globe continue to promote as fundamental the need to respect and defend women’s sexual and reproductive health rights. Women’s groups and movements also continue to be fundamental to promoting these rights, but many find themselves under threat for this focus. Sexual and reproductive rights are critical for social and economic development. Without these rights, women and adolescent girls cannot make decisions around fertility, repeated childbirth keeps them from income generating activities and reduces productivity, and early and forced marriage keeps young women from education and employment. Sexual, emotional and physical violence and the threat of violence limits women’s mobility, confines women to the home, and keeps them from engaging fully in processes of social and economic development. Men and boys can have a role to play in the prevention of genderbased violence and the promotion of gender equality. Threats to women’s rights exist on many levels, including those posed by culture, religion, and tradition, as well as processes of globalisation and economic change. A right gained is not a right maintained unless there is constant monitoring of rights. There is a need to strengthen women’s access to both formal and informal justice systems, and ensure these are responsive to advancing all women’s equal rights, opportunity, and participation. Improving women’s political voice is also crucial here. Women’s responsibility for unpaid domestic work makes them time poor as well as more economically dependent on men, yet is vital for ensuring a healthy and productive workforce. While investment in infrastructure such as water, sanitation and electricity is important to ease the time burden associated with these tasks, it does not change how unpaid work and the care economy is conceptualised and valued. Financial, environmental, and health crises intensify the need for care services with the care burden falling disproportionately on women and girls. Policies to provide affordable, quality child care and adequate healthcare services would not only free women to enter paid employment, but also help change care work from being understood as a ‘domestic’ responsibility to a collective responsibility. This change in how care work is conceptualised and valued should be a longer-term goal. In the short term, there is a need to create full, decent productive employment opportunities for women and access to finance, as well as continue to provide social protection, and more importantly promote and value women as ‘good with money’. Key for economic growth is the promotion of women’s economic rights which entails promoting a range of women’s rights: their sexual and reproductive rights and rights to education, to mobility, to voice, to ownership, and to live free from violence. References Alpà ­zar Durà ¡n, L. Keynote speech at High-Level Roundtable â€Å"The implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, the outcomes of the 23rd special session of the General Assembly and its contribution to shaping a gender perspective towards the full realization of the MDGs†. 54th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, United Nations Headquarters NY, March 2010. AWID. Getting at the Roots: Re-integrating human rights and gender equality in the post2015 development agenda. Association for Women’s Rights in Development, October 2012. Chant, S. Re-thinking the â€Å"feminization of poverty† in relation to aggregate gender indices, Journal of Human Development (7 (2), p.201-220), 2006. Chant, S. The â€Å"feminisation of poverty† and the â€Å"feminisation† of anti-poverty programmes: Room for revision? Journal of Development Studies (44 (2), p.165–197), 2008. Dollar, D and Gatti, R. Gender Inequality, Income, and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women? Gender and Development Working Papers, No. 1, May 1999. Holzmann, R. and S. Jà ¸rgensen. Social Risk Management: A new conceptual framework for social protection and beyond, Social Protection Discussion Paper Series 0006, Social Protection Unit, Human Development Network, The World Bank, February 2000. Klasen, S. Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from CrossCountry Regressions, Gender and Development Working Papers No. 7, November 1999. Molyneux, M. Two cheers for conditional cash transfers, IDS Bulletin (38 (3), p.69–75), 2007. Molyneux, M. Mobilization without emancipation? Women’s interests, the state, and revolution in Nicaragua, Feminist Studies (11 (2), p.227–254), 1985 Moser, C. Gender planning in the Third World: Meeting  practical and strategic gender needs, World Development (17 (11), p.1799–1825), 1989. Sen, A. More than 100 million women are missing, New York Review of Books (37 (20), 1990. UNFPA, From Childhood to Womanhood: Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Adolescent Girls. Fact Sheet: Adolescent Girls’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs, 2012. UNPFII. Study on the extent of violence against women and girls in terms of article 22(2) of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Issues (E/C.19/2013/9), 2013. WBGDG. Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals, World Bank Gender and Development Group, April 2003. World Bank. Social Protection Strategy: From Safety Net to Springboard, Washington DC: World Bank, 2001a. — . Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001b –. Integrating Gender into the World Bank’s Work: A Strategy for Action. Washington DC: World Bank, 2002. 15

Physical Development in Middle Childhood Essay

One important factor of physical activity during these years is to improve their gross and fine motor skills which assists with the many other benefits that being physically active will give a child. Their gross and fine motor skills are becoming more advanced and need to be capitalised upon. Children are learning to ride bikes, play in organised and team orientated sports – all with more co-ordination and understanding than before. While engaging in these activity’s they are improving their gross motor skills and this gives them a great sense of gratification. Also during this time their fine motor skills will be improving such as their handwriting, drawing, painting, crafts and building. In the middle childhood years children are becoming more aware of their surroundings, community and culture. They can start to see themselves as an individual that can read, write, learn and adhere to rules and understand why we need them. Physical development can affect other areas of development in very positive ways. It helps them to be able to relate & interact with others. This era sees those making relationships with their peers. They make friendships with others and along with friendship come the enviable fights. This is also important as they learn to sort out these disagreements and learn from them. This comes from their developing ability to think for themselves – having different points of view, being able to see others points of view and having a longer attention span. The skills they are learning and improving at this very important time of their lives will assist them as children and builds the foundations of having great confidence within themselves and having healthy and active bodies. It is believed that inability to perfect their gross & fine motor skills by being physically inactive will lead to many consequences not only physically but also in other areas of their development. Inactivity will inhibit the Childs co-ordination, spatial awareness, social skills; their larger muscles would be underdeveloped. Inactivity promotes obesity and other serious health issues. At this age children have boundless energy and find it hard to sit down for long periods of time as their bodies and brains crave the need to more around and are active. Along with the need to move comes the need for attention and socialising. During this time their bodies are growing taller and gaining weight. Physical activity is crucial at this time because they are showing themselves what their bodies are able to do and what they are able to do better than when the learned the skill. For example when children are in their early childhood they learn how to run and jump, in middle childhood they are taking those skills and developing proper athletic abilities and talents. They can run faster on the track, swim faster in the pool and throw balls with more precision and show themselves and others the talents they are developing. If during this time they are not able to do that they will see their peers excelling at these activities and that they themselves are falling behind. This severely affects their confidence. They are very aware of their peers and compare themselves to others constantly which is why they are adapting to organised sports – their competitiveness is kicking in. It’s in the children’s nature to want to be active in sports and it gives them the stimulation and organisation that they need. It’s also in some children’s nature to be shy and reserved. It’s important for all students to be improving their skills but most important for the more reserved children. Inactivity will only perpetuate their shyness because they are missing out on group activities in a fun environment. Being a part of a team helps confidence and communication with their peers. Children need to embrace being active from early on – especially now as their bodies crave being active they will associate ‘activity’ with ‘fun’. Inability to develop their gross motor skills can lead to the children feeling sluggish, weight will be gained lowering their confidence and increasing the risk of obesity and their relationship with physical activity will be mentally unhealthy. Inability to develop their fine motor skills is also just as important. This is the time where children need to perfect their handwriting, craft making and reading these are very important skills that they will need for the rest of their lives. If children find they don’t excel at these skills they will find they get frustrated, it lowers they confidence and willingness to try and parts of heir brain are underdeveloped. For example in this era children are starting to dress themselves and inability to do this will leave them frustrated and disappointed that they are behind. As parents and teachers we need to do our best to always keep the children active as it most certainly affects the other areas of their development. Implementing ph ysical activity in lessons is very important. There are 3 activities that I will now explain that I think are great ways to implement to help with keeping the children active and improving their motor skills. Firstly I would have each child in the classroom have a job they need to do every day in the classroom. Whether it is to give out work books, hand out pens, feed the plants or collect lunch orders. This gives each child the understanding of the importance of rules, responsibilities and the feeling of being included and the knowledge of being able to share and work as a team. This activity is more related to their fine motor skills and cognitive development. Secondly I would introduce the ‘Gold Star’ System. I would have the students chose a book and reading aloud to the class. During this time if the children are stuck on a word they don’t know other students can assist with helping them. If the student reads the book without any help they receive 5 gold stars. I would also have the children practice their handwriting and everything they submit a neatly written piece of writing they would also receive 5 gold stars. If the children need assistance many times or have sloppy writing they have stars deducted. This also helps with fine motor skills and they also can show how well they can read & write and help others with their reading & writing. Thirdly I would introduce team sports based around maths and spelling. I think it would be a great learning environment to take the students outside to a basketball court or an oval and have them grouped into teams. I would give them maths and spelling questions and the teams with the most correct answers would add more gold stars to their boards. I think this would be a really fun way to learn, challenge themselves and burn off energy. Working in teams is fantastic motivation to not let yourself or any of your team mates down. In conclusion, Physical activity is vital in the middle childhood years for many reasons. Inactivity leads to many consequences in the Childs Health, Motor Skills and all other areas of child development. There are many things as Teachers we can do to in a learning environment to accommodate the physical needs of our students as to make sure they are developing as best they can be. ? Reference List McDevitt, T. , and Ormrod, J. (2010). Child development and education (4th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education

When it Rains, We need it to Pour! Professor Ramos Blog

When it Rains, We need it to Pour! Water is one of the most important natural resources we have here on Earth. However, this natural resource is becoming less and less abundant. There are people around the world who do not have access to this essential source. And it can be frustrating to see how much water we here in the United States are wasting. We need more programs and educational information being out out in the world about how much water is being used and how we can use water wisely. With more information we would be able to save our beloved planet, and help make a better future for the next generation.   In southern California, it is not uncommon to hear a news story about the current weather. SoCal is known for being hot and its a running joke that when it rains in Los Angeles everything shuts down, because the locals are not used to the liquid substance that occasional falls from the sky. And while this is all very funny, the fact that we do not have water in southern California is not a joke. California is one of the most talked about places when it comes to draughts and water scarcity. California has been in a draught for about 376 weeks, and it has taken a real toll on the economy, and way of life for so many Californians. Many Californians have been penalized for watering their lawns, or having too high of water bills. While on the other hand, there are universities around this state who have lawns greener than the average St. Patrick’s Day party in Boston. California is so divided when it comes to its water usage and that is why we need Californians to understand how i mportant our water is. In the year 2017 I had an opportunity to live in the town of Muizenberg, South Africa for a few months. While I was there, I heard on the news, and from many locals, that Cape Town and the surrounding areas were literally running out of water. This was a huge problem for me and the whole South African community because not only was I basically living in the ocean for the months I was there, but this meant that drinking water from the faucet was 100 percent out of the question. Drinking water out of a plastic bottle has its own environmental problems, but when its the only water youve got, you take it without any question. Today South Africa is has made many new changes, that have helped it conserve more water. While their water supply is still lessing, but they are working on conserving. Here in California we could use some of the same techniques that have helped the South African communities.   South Africa has started to reduce their agricultural water usage by 60% (Flynn). Many restaurants have developed a â€Å"dry† menu, meaning that they have started to use paper plates in an effort to reduce the cost of doing dishes (Cotterill). There are so many different and unique ways that the locals have been able to help keep the water shortage from hitting â€Å"day zero†. Here in California we would take some notes on what the South Africans are doing to not only help their situation, but to help the world’s water shortage. If more people knew about the fact that the average American family uses around 300 gallons of water a day (EPA), they might be more inclined to help the situation out. There are so many ways we as just Californians can help our water situation, and most of it very simple. So what can we do help? The main fix, and probably the most effective, is getting all of your pipes and faucets checked for drips. Leaks account for about 12% of the water a family uses in a day (EPA). We can also work on watering our lawns for shorter hours durning the day, or figure out a more water conscious landscaping alternative. There are so many ways we can help get the water shortage under control, that do not mean we have to give up everyday comfortable lifestyle. I am not saying that we need to cut down on you daily shower routine, because trust me I believe that everyone should shower daily. I am just saying that, that cutting down the length you just letting water run down your body, or the length of time you are waiting for your shower to heat up, could be cut down.   If we had more educational information about how to cut down our water usage, we might be able to save our planet. Water is the setting for most of our favorite memories, and I would love to keep going to my uncle’s pool, and keep going to the beach to surf, but if we are not able to keep our good water clean and enjoyable, we may soon see a world with empty pools just like Los Angeles in 1990s. We need water to be around for the future generations, and for today’s way of life. If more people knew about how badly we need water, they might be more likely to help solve this global and California problem.   Work Cited https://www.ft.com/content/b9bac89a-4a49-11e8-8ee8-cae73aab7ccb https://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/how-cape-town-defeated-day-zero-now https://www.epa.gov/watersense/how-we-use-water

James Pattersons New Book Releases

James Patterson's New Book Releases James Pattersons first novel The Thomas Berryman Number was turned down by 31 publishers before it was accepted by Little, Brown, and Company in 1976 and won the Edgar Award for Best First Novel. Since then, Patterson hasnt looked back, routinely releasing several books a year, often co-written with other writers. Some are stand-alone novels, some are part of one of his popular series, and some are written for children or middle-schoolers. New Patterson Books for Teens and Adults NYPD Red 4 -  written with Marshall Karp. The elite task force NYPD Red is called in only when a case involves the rich and famous. Following a shocking murder and high-stakes robbery at a movie premiere, NYPD Red gets the call.Private Paris -  written with Mark Sullivan. Jack Morgan of the investigative agency Private is pressed into duty in Paris. His task is to locate his clients granddaughter who is on the run from a brutal drug dealer.15th Affair (Women’s Murder Club Series #15) - written with Maxine Paetro. Detective Lindsay Boxer finds herself in the awkward position of investigating her possibly a very dangerous husband. When an explosive tragedy throws San Francisco into chaos, the clues hit too close to home. She turns to the Women’s Murder Club for help.The Games: A Private Novel -  written  with Mark Sullivan. Join Jack Morgan and members of his renowned investigation firm Private in a new adventure. As they work to secure the Olympics, the threats c ome fast and furious. It’s up to Jack to stop a lethal plot to decimate Rio. Bullseye (Michael Bennett Series #9) -  written with Michael Ledwidge. Detective Michael Bennett must locate the source of a threat that could ignite a war like the country has never seen. A snowstorm provides the perfect cover for the lethal assassins. Only Bennett can save the President of the U.S. and the country.Cradle and All -  Teen edition. In Boston and in Ireland, young virgin women find themselves pregnant. Cities are overwhelmed by epidemics, famine and floods. It feels like something awful is coming, but what?Woman of God  - written with Maxine Paetro. As massive crowds await the white smoke rising from the Vatican to indicate a Pope has been chosen, some among them speculate whether the new Pope could be a woman.Missing: A Private Novel - written with Kathryn Fox.The world’s top detective agency, Private Investigations, takes on a simple case of locating a CEO, but when all evidence of his existence disappears, the simple case turns dangerous.Filthy Rich -  written  with John Connolly and Tim Malloy. This true crime tale is an explosive blend of money, power and sex. The story focuses on Jeffrey Epstein, one of New Yorks financial elites. His taste for young girls resulted in a fall from grace and eventually scandalized one of Americas richest communities. Cross the Line (Alex Cross Series #24). A shooting of a police officer in Washington, D.C., leaves Alex Cross in a leadership position in the investigation. Before he can solve the case, a brutal crime wave strikes the area. New Patterson Books for Children Jacky Ha-Ha -  written with Chris  Grabenstein  and Kerascoet, illustrator. This middle-school age novel introduces a new heroine, Jacky Ha-Ha, a class clown, who makes her classmates laugh with her so that don’t  laugh  at her.  Treasurer Hunters: Peril at the Top of the World -  written  with Chris Grabenstein and Juliana Neufeld, illustrator. In the fourth book in the Treasure Hunters series, the Kidd family travel to Russia and the Arctic to outrun bad guys in their search for stolen treasure.Middle School: Dog’s Best Friend -  written with Chris Tebbetts and Jomike Tejido, illustrator. Non-stop laughs mark this next installment of the popular middle-school series.Give Please a Chance -  written with Bill OReilly. This beautifully illustrated children’s book celebrates the magic of the word â€Å"please.†Word of Mouse -  written with Chris  Grabenstein. This middle-school book examines the concept of friendship through the relat ionship of a lonely girl and a blue mouse that is looking for his family. Check the complete list of James Pattersons books for his earlier works.

Research method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research method - Essay Example Positivists believe that all true knowledge is scientific, and that all things are ultimately measurable, and that knowledge can be organized in clear and generally accepted ways.   A positivist also tends to believe there is one best way to do things (Bryman & Bell, 2006, 57). Realism is all about accepting an event or situation as it is and preparing to deal with it accordingly (D’Aleo) Realism can thus exist independent of the onlooker. Phenomenology is about getting the deeper reasons behind human actions, concentrating on personal perspective and interpretation (Lester, 2000, 2). It would use personal interviews to get individual perspectives rather than make sweeping generalizations about the reasons behind choices. While measuring the size of the customer segment, it is clear that positivism using a scientific or mathematically verifiable method would be the best way to proceed. In research projects, both inductive and deductive reasoning can be used to establish hypotheses to be proved or disproved. Inductive reasoning progresses from the specific to the general (www.nakedscience.org). For example, regarding the feedback about their first visits to the Thai restaurant, we can start with the observations of individual opinion leaders or age groups and end by surmising the likelihood that a particular behavior or preference will be endorsed by the majority of the Brighton community of that age group or social segment. Deductive reasoning by contrast, progresses from the general to the specific (Saunders et al, 2009, 152). We can look at the major reasons why the Thai restaurant is preferred to others in the Brighton area and then concentrate on specific elements that are likely to draw in more